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My recollection of Charles Martel is a couplet that went something like this,"In ____ Charles Martel defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours." Wasn't Roland also involved? In any event I believe it was the high water mark of Moorish penetration of western Europe. Bob N -----Original Message----- From: owner-book@quarterman.org [mailto:owner-book@quarterman.org]On Behalf Of DaneBowen@aol.com Sent: Wednesday, October 16, 2002 3:27 PM To: book@quarterman.org Subject: Re: Charles Martel In the Middle Ages rulers were given a tag to identify them, such as Charles the Bold or Charles the Simple (meaning modest, not simple minded). The same was true of Charles Martel. Martel from the French for "hammer" got the tag on his name for "hammering back" the "infidels." Dane Bowen in Alexandria, Va., researching Bowen, Bacon, Carlton (Carleton), Luker, Sanders (Saunders), Chaudoin (Chaudoins), Maverick, Richey (Ritchie, Richie, Ritchey), Spence, Sumner, Way, and Wells families. [ This is the Quarterman book discussion list, book@quarterman.org [ To get off or on the list, see http://www.quarterman.org/booklist.html [ This is the Quarterman book discussion list, book@quarterman.org [ To get off or on the list, see http://www.quarterman.org/booklist.html